It is a major cause of heart failure and arrhythmia in young adults. Dilated cardiomyopathy might not cause symptoms, but for some people it can be lifethreatening. This means that its unable to pump blood around your body efficiently. A large number of cardiac and systemic diseases can cause systolic impairment and left ventricular dilatation, but in. Saiful islam md cardiology final part studentmd cardiology final part student department of cardiologydepartment of cardiology dmchdmch 2. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is an important cause of sudden cardiac death scd and heart failure hf and is the leading indication for cardiac transplantation in children and adults worldwide. If reading the pdf online, click on the image to view the video. Download pdf versions of our information resources. Dilated cardiomyopathy cardiovascular disorders msd. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body. Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. A diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy requires evidence of dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle or both ventricles eg, left ventricular ejection fraction causes of heart disease eg, myocarditis and.
Genetic mutations involving genes that encode cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins, among others, account for up to 35% of cases. Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm american heart association. Pdf dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a myocardial disease characterised by impaired left ventricular systolic function in. In a significant proportion of patients, the cause remains unknown. Dilated cardiomyopathy heart and blood vessel disorders. Pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf download. Pdf genetics of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by one or more gene mutations within the proteins of heart muscle cells. Dcm is a major cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation.
Download this factsheet as a pdf the aim of this information sheet is to explain what dilated cardiomyopathy is, what effect it will have on a child and how it can be treated. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is defined as left ventricular lv dilation and. Genetic mutations involving genes that encode cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear. Dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis show diagnosis of dcm is based on cardiac testing, family history, medical history, and a physical exam. Jan 02, 2017 dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a disease of the heart muscle which primarily affects the hearts main pumping chamber, the left ventricle. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a disease of the heart muscle which primarily affects the hearts main pumping chamber, the left ventricle. Diastolic dysfunction and impaired right ventricular function can develop. Frequently the disease starts in the left ventricle, the hearts main pumping chamber. Etiology and panduan ramadhan pdf pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy heart. A diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy requires evidence of dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle or both ventricles eg, left ventricular ejection fraction download a pdf version. Table 2 lists the causes of secondary cardiomyopathy.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy idc is characterized by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction after known causes have been excluded. This gives the heart a more rounded rather than the normal cone shape. A rigorous workup can exclude alternative causes of left ventricular lv dilation and dysfunction, identify etiologies that may respond to specific treatments, and guide family screening. Familial dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a health condition that can run in families that impacts the hearts ability to function how it should due to the heart muscle in the left ventricle becoming thin and.
Cardiomyopathy and anaesthesia bja education oxford. We analyzed all dilated cardiomyopathy patients consecutively evaluated in the trieste heart muscle disease registry from 1988 to 20. It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy and typically affects those aged 20 to 60. A diagram and echocardiogram comparing a normal heart and a heart with dcm are shown in figure 1a and figure 1b. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy echocardiogram screening and diagnosis cardinal sign is lv hypertrophy of septum and anterolateral free wall variability in hypertrophy dilated left atrium normal to nearnormal ef septum at least 1. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is when the hearts ability to pump blood is lessened because its main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, is enlarged and weakened.
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a health condition that can run in families that impacts the hearts ability to function how it should due to the heart muscle in the left ventricle becoming thin and weak. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a clinical diagnosis characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and impaired contraction that is not explained by abnormal loading conditions for. For this reason, familial dcm is reported as a disease. The most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are. The diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy. Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. Dilated cardiomyopathy affects the hearts ventricles ventrihkuls and atria aytreeuh. After exclusion of all identifiable causes except genetic. It affects the hearts ventricles and atria, the lower and upper chambers of the heart, respectively. Dilated cardiomyopathy symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a disease of the myocardium characterized by impaired systolic function and dilatation of the left and right ventricles fig.
Dcm can be attributed to genetic and nongenetic causes, including hypertension, valve disease, inflammatoryinfectious causes, and toxins. Dcmdcm an approach to diagnosis andan approach to diagnosis and managementmanagement dr. In many cases of cardiomyopathy, an exact cause is never known. A twelvelead electrocardiogram of a patient with an advanced form of arrhythmogenic. Information about cardiomyopathy caused by myocarditis. Understanding the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy will be critical in the design of treatment modalities to intervene at the molecular level in the initial stages of pathogenesis. Affected patients have impaired systolic function and may or may not develop overt heart failure hf. Dilated cardiomyopathy current medical diagnosis and. Extreme stress can also sometimes cause a type of dilated cardiomyopathy called takotsubo cardiomyopathy. For these individuals, an underlying genetic cause results in. Pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf cardiomyopathy pdf pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf download. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder defined by the presence of a dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle in the absence of abnormal loading conditions hypertension, valve. Dilated cardiomyopathy dilated or congestive cardiomyopathy dcm is diagnosed when the heart is enlarged dilated and the pumping chambers contract poorly usually left side worse than right.
Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is an important cause of sudden cardiac death scd and heart failure hf and is the leading indication for cardiac transplantation in children and adults. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is the most common cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation, and is among the most common diagnoses requiring hospitalization in north america. And dilated cardiomyopathy is a specific type of cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is defined by the presence of left ventricular lv systolic dysfunction and enlargement in the absence of. Establishing the diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical and genetic issues in familial dilated cardiomyopathy core. Information on dilated cardiomyopathy, including diagnosis, symptoms and treatment. The heart muscle begins to dilate, meaning it stretches and. Dilated cardiomyopathy has many known and probably many unidentified causes see table causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy current medical diagnosis and treatment.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy idc is a clinical diagnosis. Pdf an overview of dilated cardiomyopathy researchgate. The phenotype of dcm is established by means of imaging studies echocardiography being the most common 4. Dilated cardiomyopathy can develop at any age but is more common in adults younger than about 50 years of age. Pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf dilated cardiomyopathy is considered as the most common cause of chronic. The left ventricle of the heart becomes enlarged dilated and the muscle wall becomes thinner. Around 20 to 50 percent of individuals with dcm have a familial form.
Dilated means enlarged, cardio concerns the heart and a myopathy is a muscular. A significant proportion of dcm cases have an underlying genetic or. Genetics of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Affected individuals are at risk of left or right ventricular failure, or both. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is best understood as the final common response of myocardium to diverse genetic and environmental insults. Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of dilated. Dilated cardiomyopathy regardless of the cause of the disease, dilated cardiomyopathy is best described as a progressive ventricular wall thinning and dilatation accompanied with gradual functional impairment 3. A twelvelead electrocardiogram of a patient with an advanced form of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, recorded 2 years before heart transplant, characterized by sinus rhythm, complete right bundle branch block, stt wave abnormalities in leads ii, iii, avf, v1v4 where an. Acquired causes include myocarditis and exposure to alcohol, drugs and toxins, and metabolic and endocrine disturbances. Read about causes, symptoms, and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. Various causes can underlie dilated cardiomyopathy, including genetic mutations, infections and inflammation, but the common end result is dilation of the ventricles, which leads to impaired.
In dilated cardiomyopathy, the hearts ability to pump blood is decreased because the hearts main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, is enlarged, dilated and weak. Dilated left ventricle with systolic dysfunction not caused by ischaemic or valvular heart disease cardiac dilatation with systolic dysfunction 3. Types of cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of the disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy is also associated with hiv, chagas disease, rheumatologic disorders, iron overload, sleep apnea, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, chronic alcohol usage, endstage kidney disease, or. The presenting manifestations can include atrial andor ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death can occur at any stage of. Heart failure symptoms can be exerciseinduced or persistent at rest. Rare causes of dilated cardiomyopathy include pregnancy peripartum cardiomyopathy, iron overload, and connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus lupus, and systemic sclerosis. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm can be inherited, but it is primarily caused by severe coronary artery disease, alcoholism, thyroid disease, diabetes, viral infections of the heart, heart valvue abnormalities, toxic drugs. Oct 18, 2017 approach to patient with dilated cardiomyopathy 1. This document compiles all reports of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs and cats that. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder defined by the presence of a dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle in the absence of abnormal loading conditions hypertension, valve disease or ischaemic heart disease sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a disease of your heart muscle where it becomes stretched and thin. One of the leading causes of heart failure hf, dcm predominantly. More than 20 viruses can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. Denise antle, arnp, msn, ccrn, ccns critical care arnpcns. An echocardiogram is the most common test used to diagnose dcm, as the dilation of the ventricle and overall squeeze of the heart can be measured with this test. Dilated cardiomyopathy circulation research aha journals. Among the four affected siblings, two individuals iv. A common cause of heart failure the hearts inability to supply the body with enough blood dilated cardiomyopathy can also contribute to irregular heartbeats arrhythmias, blood clots or sudden death. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm can be inherited, but it is primarily caused by severe coronary artery disease, alcoholism, thyroid disease, diabetes, viral infections of the heart, heart valvue abnormalities.
Coronary artery disease narrowing of the hearts blood vessels. Cardiomyopathy and anaesthesia bja education oxford academic. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is the most common type, occurring mostly in adults 20 to 60. If you have dcm, there is a 50 per cent chance that your child will inherit the condition.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy echocardiogram screening and diagnosis cardinal sign is lv hypertrophy of septum and anterolateral free wall variability in hypertrophy dilated left atrium normal to near. Dilated cardiomyopathy definition of dilated cardiomyopathy. Men are more likely than women to have this type of cardiomyopathy. The diagnostic work up of genetic and inflammatory dilated. Dilated left ventricle with systolic dysfunction not caused by ischaemic or. Mutations in ppcs, encoding phosphopantothenoylcysteine. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is characterized by dilation and impaired contraction of one or both ventricles 15. Because the muscle becomes more thin, the space inside the left ventricle, called the chamber, gets bigger dilated. Heart injury from many causes can end up in a common final pathway of pathologic remodeling and fibrosis, promoting. The resulting damage to the heart muscle is often known as ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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